Firestick Farming Essay Example for Free

blazestick Farming EssayWhat is Fire stick kitchen-gardening? Fire stick body politic is the traditional way Aboriginal people looked after the land and created eruption breaks to ensure large destructive summer fires were not a threat.Communication Fire was a form of communication. When water supplies were running low one of the men would travel to where they k bracing the next source of water would be. On his way there he would take a fire stick and burn small patches of grass as he went. If the waterhole had sufficient water, he would build up a behave grass, wood, a few green leaves and branches. When he lit it the thick smoke would signal the family that it was time to shift camp to this new location. They could easily follow the impertinently burnt out pathway to the waterhole.Hunting Fire was an important with hunting but was rarely used to actually kill animals directly. Instead, areas were set on fire in such a way as to direct animals to where they could be easily killed.Fire was also be used to smoke animals out of caves and direct trunks.After the fire would attract animals back to the area, once again providing easy hunting. In different parts of Australia different fire regimes were used and adapted to topical anaesthetic needsLand Management Aboriginal people burn the land in the cool months when there are dark clouds. Fire was, and in whatsoever placed still is, used to clean up the country. The men organized burnt patches giving the landscape an arrangement pattern of different aged grasses. fix burning created good habitat for small game mammals such as Bilbies and Mala. They sheltered in the old grasses and fed of the new grasses.Fire stick farming is the traditional way Aboriginal people looked after the land and created fire breaks to ensure large destructive summer fires were not a threat.With the land burnt, new growth was promoted and soon became plenty, food could be gathered for several months after a fire.

Business Models and Systems Essay Example for Free

line of merchandise Models and Systems EssayThe business that I am choosing to write about is a small convenience store located across the street from my childrens school. It is owned and operated by a very pleasant Indian couple. It is located in a aloof area where there are very few businesses in close proximity. This store offers a variety of products and prepared foods.The three main components of the business corpse that comprises this particular business are as follows backing as Commerce They give money in exchange for the products they need to fill their store. In this case, the owners go forth look for sales at opposite stores, and then purchase them to sell in their store. They are making a profit from their trade because it is increasing their utility. Business as an Occupation In order for them to increase their profit they would need to specialize in food service and preparation, customer service, and modern technologies.In some other words, they had to le arn how to make and present the foods that they offer, they had to learn how to communicate appropriately with their customers, and learn how to gain access to and operate new machines to make a greater profit. Business as an Organization For the time being, this particular business is owned and operated by just two people. If sometime in the future they would decide to combine their talents and resources with other people, they will be able to pursue new opportunities and reduce transaction costs and increase their profitability.

Lord of the Flies Play Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Play EssayLord of the Flies is a drama close a group of evacuees who have had a plane crash. All the adults ar dead and the group of boys are now left to survive by themselves on a desert island, that at first seems standardized paradise. They become split into two different groups. One group has Ralph as their leader and they try to cohere civilised and normal, but the other group lead by Jack act like savages and at first they only kill a bats pig that is already on the island. The social influence of class divide on the island was battle arrayn well by the Pilot battlefield company. It was clear to the audition who had a higher status on the island. They manipulationd their spoken language as one of the main differences. For example Piggy was from a lower class place setting and was therefore inferior to the rest of them. He spoke using precise(prenominal) common language and the other boys teased him because of it. He was very much an castaway on the island and his clothes were like rags compared to the Public school boys posh outfits. Piggy was never part of the group he al ways stood slightly on the impertinent of the circle.One of the cultural influences on the play was a childs capacity to murder intentionally. This came out through Jack and his followers. The theatre company manoeuvered that like the James Bulgier killers they prospect about who and why they were going to kill. Their reasons werent advanced reasons but they were enough for them to decide it had to be done. They used their physical strength and power over others like bullys do. They trenchant the way to go and if you didnt fit in then you would be discarded of. It was rather like the war that was going on in the outside field at the time where if you were a Jew you had to be destroyed. The way Jack lead his face pack was from a very Fascist viewpoint.At the beginning they used nation to decide who was going to be leader and Ralph was the one w ho was voted for. Jack was very angry with this, as he treasured to be in control. He wanted total power over the rest of the group and he didnt like the way Ralph tried to organise everyone.In the play the characters built a force out at the top of a hill on the island. The theatre company used a small real fire on the stage and a small red spot light to give the audience the idea of the fire. When the fire spreads out of control they mostly just use themselves and their acting to show the fire. I thought this was very effective because with the real fire on stage the audience could visualise what it would have looked like. I thought that the fire came to live hope and survival because it was their only way of signalling to passers by where they were.They used Piggys glasses to make the fire and they were the only way they could make a fire so these also represented the boys survival. Whoever held the glasses was the most powerful person on the island because of what they symbol ised and they were taken from Ralphs gang by Jack. This showed that he was more(prenominal) powerful and fitter than the others. The theatre company also used levels to show his status. They put his encamp higher up on the stage, which demonstrates his domination and superiority. He also had the pigs head from the pig that he killed on a pole at the entrance to his camp to show off his power but also his bloodthirsty madness.At the beginning the touchwood was a bright blue in the background and a bright white in the foreground. The lighting scheme darkened throughout the play as the atmosphere became tenser. It was a shock and a strong dramatic anti-climax at the end when the extremely bright white helicopter lights came down. This symbolised the rescue and the return from darkness. unobjectionable is a very clean colour which contrasted with the dirty greens and reds used for most of the play. It illustrated to the audience the change from a murderous gloom to normality. It is the realisation of what has happened to them on this island.On the first night that they stay on the island the dark red light in Ralphs camp signifies the fire and all that is attached to that. They cross-faded the darkness to show the divide between the two gangs. There was a back projection behind the action that reflected the action that was taking place on the stage. They used the lighting to illustrate the storm and their fear by creating a lightning effect in the background.Techno music was used in this play to demonstrate the savage, frantic, mad agitated and ritualistic atmosphere on the island. The most noticeable time that it was used was at the beginning of the play during the plane crash. It created tension, anticipation and a climax at the very beginning to get the audience interested right from the start. They also used choir music as a symbol of who they were, their class and their innocence at the beginning. It contrasted greatly with the more sinister sounds in th e second half of the play. There were lots of natural sounds used to show that they were out on their own with nature. The audience could always hear always lots of flies making them think about the title of the play. At the end of the play there was calming cool down out music to signify the end of the trauma. They used a female voice because it sounds softer, more angelic and soothing.The whole group started the play off with this frantic, clamant dance. This symbolised the plane crash. There was always a quick pace during the hunts and their movements were slightly jumpy and alert like they were about to pounce on something. It showed the tension, excitement and poise they felt while they were out to get something.Jack is quite posh so he uses more sophisticated language compared to Piggy. He also wears a hat to show that he is the leader of the choir. This is another thing that sets him higher than the other characters.In the beginning their voices were quite light and jokey. It was like they werent taking their attitude seriously, but as the play progressed Jacks voice became sterner, stronger and slightly hysterical. Ralphs was determined but got weaker and more helpless. Piggys was always whiney and attention seeking. I thought that these were good characterisations and I probably would have done it the same, although I might have made Jack slightly meaner than he was.The choir seems very innocent at the start and they are very proud of their uniforms. They are all wearing similar quite formal things to represent their respect for their heritage and their social status. Ralphs vestments is relaxed and laid-back compared to the rests he seems more genuine and open than the Public school boys. Piggy wears scruffy old clothes. Roger was the most savage of them at the start and he also had the least costume. Their clothes are a symbol of civilisation and culture and they try to use them to get back to reality. They clung on to uniforms for security and structure. The costumes are a strong symbol of class and divide. Jacks gang cover themselves in war paint, feathers and blood showing their savagery. It also represents their strength power and ruthlessness. The more they lost their clothes, the more they lost sight of civilisation. This is the symbol of them turning to the wild. Jacks gang lost the most clothes and they also became the most savage.This play is very much about the survival of the fittest, which is why Jack came out the best because he was willing to do anything he thought he needed to do in order to survive. The play also shows the audience that we are all savages on the inside and that we need society and rules to guide us the direction of civilisation.At the start of the performance Ralph takes up lots of space to show his confidence, but he gradually became more slumped as the play progressed, until he was a strident ball on the floor unable to speak for himself. Jack stood tall throughout the play, which shows us that he beat Ralph both mentally and physically like a bully. Jack takes Ralphs space away from him to show his strength and fearlessness.The set design was multifunctional. The plane parts were intimately moved by the actors unnoticeably during the play and could be to the audience whatever the actors imagined it to be. The wing came to represent death because it was where they killed Simon and it was tipped to create the cliff where they killed Piggy. The wing was also metallic which showed the reflected sun and the heat. They could also use the set to make noises like during the hunts. They banged it to create atmosphere and tension and they ran through it like it was the maze of the jungle.They could change the angles of the set to show the different parts of the island. Ralphs camp was under the plane, which makes the audience think that they are hiding from Jack. The way the ripped up plane is always on the stage both ruins paradise and is a uniform reminder of why they are there. It is also a symbol of the ugliness of what they have done and it shows the divide between the two groups. The plastic backdrop glittered and frilled to show the sea. I thought the way the set was produced by the theatre company was both effective from the audiences point of view and the actors. This is because of the way it could be changed easily and it made the audience fell like they were there too.The divide between the two gangs represented civilisation v savagery. Ralphs gang representing civilisation and Jacks gang representing savagery. They both choose their different paths and out there with no one to take charge brute force won over the democratic ways of civilisation.Overall I thought that the Pilot theatre companys use of Drama Mediums and the Elements of Drama were very effective in communicating the themes and the social, cultural and historical influences on the play. Not only did they use these very well but I also found the performance enjoyable and in teresting.

Disadvantages Of Fast Foods English Language Essay

Disadvantages Of Fast Foods English Language EssayFast food for thought, the font of food changed our lives. According to Bender and Bender, steady food is a general term used for a limited menu of foods that lend themselves to production origin techniques and that ar typically hamburgers, pizzas, chicken or sandwiches (Davies Smith, 2004).) There is 59% of adult population that eats at take-away restaurants at least once a week (ACNielsen, 2005). This is collect to convenience concept of firm food restaurant match the busy lifestyles and ease of access to a wide variety of degraded food restaurants in the markets.httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZCziMduKhGnFGX3z0mG4fg26dVbpDtcFR41Y9PasMCvszQoA_noRUnHmXqFxa_se3N8UB6RhSJxWosnlM7awk98NeqhrXyMS6FL0WUgfxTeGjPQy8yOR-OAtEVLjDgLOFUhsTi3_qig4/s1600/ refrain-food-restaurants.jpgNowadays, many people, mostly young people, prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, shawarma, or pizza. ). Its fast, aristocratic to prep ar, easy to eat, and cheap. Its for everyone. Its for the poor and the non-poor. Its for students, ma nagers, actors, for factory workers, for criminals, for priests and others. Today it matchms like fast food was always around and it is non possible to imagine a world without fast food. redden countries like Japan, which has a traditional diet of rice, fish, vegetables and soy products, accepted fast food into their worlds. Malaysians were first introduced to fast foods when AW established its first restaurant in 1963. Since past, consumers espousal of fast foods has been on the upward trend. This is manifested by the proliferation of fast food outlets in Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur, such as McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Grandys, Pizza Hut and Shakeys Pizza.Restaurants are goose egg new, but the idea of fast food is a newer concept. In ancient Rome and Greece taverns usually served food and drink to their guests. These places served food out of necessity not because the guests though it would be fun. For a long time, people liked to eat at home more than they li ked to eat at a restaurant. In the 17th century people like to drink coffee and beer in taverns, but eating out didnt start to become popular until the late eighteenth century. White Castle was one of the first fast-food chains in the fall in States. White Castle sold burgers and fries and helped to popularized hamburgers across the nation. In the 1930s drive-through fast food restaurants began to appear. Of course McDonalds followed suit in 1948. McDonalds was so popular that other fast food chains started to pop up all over the United States.Time is money. This is the new buzzword in todays world. People are now spending more time by running after money then spending time on their daily activities. No wonder fast food is on the rise. May people do not realize that fast food is a slow death. There are a host of disadvantages associated with eating fast food such as effect to health, economy and passing game of the family tradition.The greatest disadvantage of fast food is the ad verse effect that it has on ones health. It is a fact that fast food is more unhealthy than home-cooked repasts, as they take aim higher amounts of unwanted nutrients like salt, fat and various types of additives (artificial chemicals). It may contain harmful bacteria too. Frying destroys most of the essential nutrients from the food. Very small amounts of vegetables and fruits are normally expose in fast food. Moreover, serving larger portions when most people dont need extra portions has led to several health problems. We require a small amount of salt to maintain the health of the cells and tissues. Fast food being rich in salt, adversely affects the heart health and the overall health of an individual. When customers consumed too much fast food they might become obese and develop diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, strokes, and heart related symptoms due to high cholesterol from excessive fat (Bose D, and N.D,2001). Obesity is on the rise, and a direct link is bein g cited between fast food and obesity in children.With obesity come other problems like high blood pressure and diseases of the joints. Beside that, because of the standardized menu and consistent quality, only minimal time need to be spent obtaining product information (Jekanowsky, Binkley, Eales, 2001) then consumer did not know what ingredients contain inside fast food.httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwEL_NC9uWjNufPwhBuKcCz6kzxTRSpaZiqGOPTl91RGWjaiy4QFAZESlR33B0E-BYPAtJXYv0YXCkV7fpFB3EvFPHGnTDjidtEhFQsyOqQOEx0_TnBemZHSjBIAARyU4VU07wP9Bjd7fu/s320/Naturally+Yours+obesity+2.gif Even though, fast food is the winged way to feed our hunger, it is not healthy at all. It is full of saturated and unsaturated fat. Moreover, it is a major source of calories and most of these calories are from fat. Unsaturated fats are good fat. Which means someone can burn this fat overtime through exercise. On the other side, saturated fats are bad fat which cannot be burned and stay in our body. French fries, deep fried chicken and other deep fried foods are the major source of trans fats. Furthermore, it is one of the reasons privy people getting over weight these days. Fast food is full of sodium. If we look at the nutrients facts on one of our favorite fast food, we will see the highest percentage of sodium in it. Moreover, sugar is one of the major ingredients of fast food as we can see in desserts like apple pie and apple with caramel at MacDonalds.http//www.footballtainment.com/images/public/msg-food-disadvantages.jpgA further effect is on the economy for ourself or country.Although fast food is not very pricy, it is more expensive than cooking properly for yourself. The greater the number of people at a meal in a fast food restaurant, the larger is the bill. alimentation at fast food outlets is economical only for a single person. Going out to a fast food eating joint with family once in a plot of ground wont matter much. However, frequent visits to such restaurants with ones family can become quite an expensive affair, besides being unhealthy. Beside that, many of the fast food companies are franchisees of foreign corporations, so profits leave the country.http//2.bp.blogspot.com/_qto3FQDv8es/STZZn5ge_fI/AAAAAAAAACA/3ii9jWKvNc0/s320/money_fly.gifhttp//www.freemalaysiatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Finance-Economy-Stocks-Money-300225.jpghttp//www.mole.my/sites/default/files/images/malaysian-ringgit-598694.storyimage.jpgAnother effect of fast food is the loss of the family tradition of eating together. Eating fast food encourages people to eat on the go. Diners are encouraged to eat quickly and then leave the premises or eat while doing something else.httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKIK8DMUBrjaP13oDWuoBdlYxV1h0zVnkO7u-vIFCR5eJABFs14JhcTfz8jUbzfdV0B6LIgXCzy3vHF_mY92YeEgeAh-Zb6zumpsTIpfgH7OVUKEpVO3HZt7CTI2lIyi0y2bblQirzpFXY/s1600/eating20alone_canuckshutterer_xlarge.jpegFast food joints are being seen as a factor that is making a number of families spend less and less time together. Family meal time is something that is considered as an opportunity for all the members to come together and share their experiences. However, the fast food centers are quickly eating into this quality time. This is especially unbent about youngsters for whom a fast food center is a good place to hangout with friends and peers where the days experiences are shared with other members of the family. Additionally, many children from present time prefer eating in fast food branches with friends of their age rather than with their parents, this could also decrease the amount of time where the whole family actually realize (Brown J, 2009). Beside that, people who eat quickly tend to consume calories mindlessly. This can easily lead to overeating.http//static4.businessinsider.com/image/4e25e076cadcbb470a000000-400-400/these-are-the-ten-most-bizarre-fast-food-locations-on-the-planet.jpgFast food is certainly an occasional fun treat, and in that respect are healthy menu choices. Sadly, too many people visit too a great deal, with unwholesome results and bad habits setting the stage for health disasters for our young people.Everyone should phone tw ice forward deciding to eat fast food. The health risks arent worth your life, and animals that live in slaughter houses arent treated properly or hygienically before their death, which can cause many food-borne illnesses to inhabit food. Although it is easy to buy and cheap, risking a life for something that isnt good for any person in the first place could embody thousands of dollars in hospital bills. It is important to eat healthy and make good choices when deciding what to put in your body. Dont be lazy and pick up fast food on your way home from work. Make the right choice and eat some vegetables.http//www.fitbodylife.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/fast_food_kills.pngIn conclusion, fast food although it is convenient and a racy addition to a diet, can have serious health, increase economy and social effects.People should learn to choose fast food carefully and remember the fun of eating good food in good company. It is not necessary to boycott all fast food restaurants, bu t its important to limit how often we eat at them.http//www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20091028/a1897_121.jpeg

Background and Future of Quantity Surveying

Background and Future of bill analyseThis written report pull up stakes critically discuss the role of the amount Surveying in the short form named QS within the contemporary built environment. Before discuss or considering ab out(a) what is the changing role of cadence Surveyor is in the future, the background of the mensuration Surveying is worthwhile to lead a review. The traditional roles and evolved roles of beat Surveryor will be briefly discussed. Least, the responsibilities of Quantity Surveyor will be carried out too.Background to the Quantity SurveyingQuantity Surveying (QS) profession has been experienced signifi bunst change oer the past decade in terms of the image and types of run provided both within and outside of the crook industry. All the changes have been occurs in response to changing clients or industry demands, IT (information technology) developments and increased level of ambition of services.As the technology and Architecture makes argon consta ntly developed, Quantity Surveyor(s) played an consequential role in both public and private sector. Thus, how many spate know about who is Quantity Surveyor? What is the Quantity Surveying profession is in nowadays? What are Quantity Surveyor do for?By according to QSBC (2009), stated that Quantity surveyors are the profession developed during the 19th century from the earlier Measurer, Quantity Surveyor is a specialist tradesman ( oft a guild member) who always prepared standardise schedules for a building contrive in which all of the social organization materials, labour activities and the like were quantified, and against which competing builders could submit valued tenders. Because the tenders were each based on the same schedule of information, they would be easily compared to find the most suitable put updidate. QSBC (2009).Furthermore, Seelay 1997 stated that a Quantity Surveyor is fully professional trained, qualified and experienced in dealing with the basic problem s on behalf of the employer. Quantity Surveyor is essentially a greet expert or as a cost controller whose prime task is to ensure that the project is unploughed within the agreed budget which has been signed in vex document, and important is to make sure that the employer obtains quantify for money. (Seeley, 1997 pg.40.)Moreover, QSBC (2009) also discussed that, Quantity Surveyor is a professional who are usually make watering within the construction industry. The role of Quantity Surveyor is to manage and to control the costs of the particular construction projects and may be involving the use of redact of heed procedures and technical tools to achieve the goals.From difference sources, there is difference method to interpreted or discussed of roles of Quantity Surveyor. And then, the definition of the role of Quantity Surveyor should be known. By referring to RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 1983a, pg.1) which stated that In the 1971s report, the role of Qua ntity Surveyor was defined as ensuring that the resources of the construction industry are utilized to be the best receipts of society by providing, inter alia, the financial management for projects and a cost consultancy service to the client and designer during the whole construction process. In addition, the distinctive competence of the Quantity Surveyor is a skill in measurement and valuation in the construction field in order that such(prenominal) work can be described and the cost and price for the particular project can be forecast defined, analyzed, planned, downstairs controlled and accounted for.Quantity SurveyorA Quantity Surveyor is key professionals in the construction sector or industry. Quantity Surveyor(s) always act as a cost Engineer, cost Planner or cost Controller. A Quantity Surveyor is specializes in estimating the value of the construction project flora. Quantity Surveyor(s) will use their skills to do the taking off quantity of the hint building, and de termine the cost of building work ranging from small refurbishment deeds through to assessing the value of multi-million money construction project.Quantity Surveyor(s) normally works with Developers, Architects, Contractors, create Proprietors and works with Government Bodies and Agencies. Addition, Quantity Surveyor(s) can be involved in cost planning, cost management, Contract Administration, project procurance, feasibility studies and the asset financial management.The purpose of Quantity Surveyor is to lower down or minimize project cost and maximize the value on a given proposed project. By either increasing value for money to a developer or end user client, or increasing profit margins for the main contractor or subcontractor, Quantity Surveyor whilst still achieving the required standards specified under the agreement, within contract program.Construction cost, construction management and construction communication are all key problems area for an employer or client who h as commissioned and important building or engineer project. Thus, a professional trained, qualified and fully experienced Quantity Surveyor whose expert in dealing with these problems is needed. An experienced Quantity Surveyor(s) will accomplish their objectives in a variety of ways and largely guided by their experience however more tangible factors also play a part such as a carefully selected procurement strategy, use of terms and conditions of contract and negotiation skills.Furthermore, the role of a quantity surveyor played is to manage the costs relating to building projects. This may include new builds, renovations or maintenance work. From early design costs to final figures, Quantity Surveyors seek to understate the costs of the project and levyvalue for money whilst ensuring that the project meets all legal and quality assurance requirements. Quantity Surveyors are involved at various stages of the construction process, typically anterior to construction, during cons truction and following completion of the works.Prior to Construction StageDuring Construction StagePost Construction StagePreparation of Feasibility StudiesProvision of cost control services during constructionDetermination of the final project costEstimating to define projects budgets/ amountAssessment of the contractors shape up claimsPreparation of tax depreciation reports for investors and blank space ownerAnalysis of the effect of design changes on the project budgetAssessment of variation and delay claimsExpert witness reports to assist in the hamlet of building disputes.Cost planning to refine the budget as the design documents developProcurement of subcontractors and labour to carry out the specialist trade worksPreparation of Bills of Quantities to assist in the tender processNegotiation and settlement of accountsMonthly forecasting and cost reportingMonthly negotiation and agreement of payments for works carried outTable 1 Construction stages involved by Quantity Survey or(s)Role of Quantity SurveyingThe Quantity Surveying profession in the coupled Kingdom has largely developed over the last century. It has grown to such an extent that it forms the second largest division in Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). As building works increased in volume and complexity, the employers became not satisfied with the method adopted for settling all the cost of the construction works and accepted the advantages of employing an independent Quantity Surveyor who would prepare and produce out an accurate bills of quantities (BOQ) to be priced by tendering contractor(s). And also employers will seek for the Quantity Survey who would measure and value any variations that might occur during the construction works progress.The common role of quantity surveyor(s) is to manage or be able to the costs relating to the particular propose building projects. This may include new builds, renovations or maintenance work. From early design costs to final figures , quantity surveyors seek and to be ensure to minimise the costs of the project and enhance value for money whilst ensuring that the project meets all legal and quality assurance requirements.Quantity surveyor duties typically includeConducting feasibility studies to melodic theme materials, time and labour costsPreparing, negotiating and analysing costs for tenders and contractsCoordination of work effortAdvising on a range of legal and contractual issuesValuing completed work and arranging for paymentstraditional Role of Quantity Surveying/SurveyorBased on HKIS stated thatAs a tradition, estimating, preparation of tender documents, tender analysis, contract documentation, valuation and variation, and all quantity examine related works of infrastructure projects are always handled by civil engineers notwithstanding that majority of these works are actually handled by quantity surveyors under the supervision of civil engineers. In the building works, the traditional role of handli ng these works by architects had been changed to become the role of quantity surveyors, and the Government and Private Forms of Building Contract were changed to recognize such QS role. However, in the infrastructure works, such QS role is still with the civil engineers as stated in the Government Form of civilised Engineering Works (HKIS, 2008).Ashworth and Hogg (2007) stated that the traditional role of Quantity Surveyor is still practiced on small to medium sized projects. It can be described as a measure and value system. Quantity Surveyor should prepared using a single price method of estimating, produce bills of quantities for tendering, measure the progress payments base on the work and prepare final account on the basis of the tender documentation.The traditional role, which is still practiced by some, also can be described as measure and value system. Approximate estimates of the initial coasts of building are prepared by using a single price method of estimating and where this cost was acceptable to the client then the design was developed by Architect. Quantity surveyor will prepared and produced bills of quantities (BOQ) for tendering purposes. The work would be measured for weekly/monthly/half yearly for the progress payments and a final account will be then prepared on the basis of the tender documentation.On traditional roles, Quantity Surveyor will conducting single rate approximates estimating to the particular project. Furthermore, Quantity Surveyor also will take part into cost planning in the management team and giving advice in cost planning. In addition, Quantity Surveyor will also giving client advice on procurement, advise measurement and qualification on the project taken.The most significant roles or services which provided by Quantity Surveyor are do taking off, preparation of tender document and produce bills of quantities (BOQ). During construction period, Quantity Surveying should giving advice on cost controlling to ensure that the amount and agreed budget for the proposed construction project is still under control. This is important to not make client to facing any financial problems. By during the construction progress period, interim valuations and payment all prepare by Quantity Surveyor. Quantity Surveying will go to construction to do interim valuations to evaluate the work progress on site.After the evaluation, thus Quantity Surveying will prepare the interim progress payments for client. Interim payments thereafter will be claims by contractor. Besides, Quantity Surveyor also will be advise in client financial statements. Preparation of final account, agreement and the last settlement of contractual claims will be fully produced by quantity surveyors.Evolved role of Quantity Surveying/SurveyorToday, not only is the Quantity Surveyor generally regarded as indispensible on any major building contract, and often on civil and heavy engineering as well, but Quantity Surveyor also now being appointed a s project manager, to take control of the proposed project from inception to completion and to line up the work of the design team and the main contractor and subcontractors.RICS (1983a) also pointed out that the Quantity Surveyors expertise had been further developed after 1971. For the construction project, Quantity Surveyor(s) are involved in the field of manpower planning, resources control and in assessing the effects of time. The filled of contracting, civil and industrial engineering construction, mechanical and electrical engineering services, and project management and control also relate to the Quantity Surveyor. That means the role of the Quantity Surveyor is extended in 1980s. The Quantity Surveyor involve complex resource procurement and management processes, besides deal with complex construction contracts provides the basis for a disciplined and well managed approach to projects.In response to the potential demise of bills of quantities, Quantity Surveyor(s) began to exploring potential roles for their services. Procurement, a term no longer used until the 1980s, became an important area of activity, largely because of the increasing array of options that were available. As a Quantity Surveyor in evolved roles, QS should improve the quality of service and the matching of the known resources to suit for the requirement of clients.By referring to Seeley (1997) stated that the Quantity Surveyor not only regarded building contract and often as project manager on civil and heavy engineering contracts to control the project from inception to completion and coordinate with other parties to take over the works. Quantity Surveyor is an important member of the design team in both the public and private sectors to advising employers and architects on the probable costs of alternative designs.Thus, Quantity Surveyor will be more active and act more roles and character in evolved method.Future roles of Quantity SurveyorThe industrys client has become increa singly concerned about the services provided. They have examined traditional contractual procedures, have found their lacking and have sought to create new services more appropriate to their needs. In general, they have been looking for results and improved value for money.

Maya Angelou as a Caged Bird Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Maya Angelou as a Caged Bird The graduation scene from I wee-wee intercourse Why The Caged Bird Sings illustrates how, living in the middle of racism and unequal access to opportunity, Maya Angelou was competent to surmount the obstacles that stood in her way of intellectual develop and find higher ground. One of the largest factors responsible for Angelous academic victory was her dedication to and capacity for hard work, My work alone has awarded me a top place...No absences, no tardinesses, and my academic work was among the best of the year (Angelou 13-14). Angelou worked hard and read a great deal in order to be able to perform on such a level, in spite of the fact that she had much slight access (or none) to the quality of teachers, school environment and other resources available to gaberdines because of her color. Another way Angelou surmounted the disadvantages of being black in a racist white controlled school district was to view her brother as a role model. She i s proud that she can recite the preamble to the Constitution faster than Bailey, she is proud he will see her graduate at the top of her class, and he provides her with literature which fuels her desire to read. Maya also used other students in her class who were intelligent as role models and a measure stick of her own performance. She admires the class valedictorian, Henry Reed, because he has been her most challenging academic competition among her peers. However, another reason Angelou is able to overcome obstacles and reach higher ground is that she is not jealous or mean-spirited intimately academically competing with others. Instead, she is happy that others are developing towards higher ground. As she says about Henry, I had admired him for years because e... ...race (Angelou 21). Angelou knows she would let down all those who have struggled and given her encouragement if she did not rise above the limitations of her own time and place. call on CITED Angelou, M. I Know Wh y The Caged Bird Sings. In Eastman, A. M. The Norton Anthology of Expository Prose. (3rd edit.) W.W. Norton & Co., NY 1973. The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings liberates the reader into life simply because Maya Angelou confronts her own life with such moving wonder, such a luminous dignity. I have no words for this achievement, but I know that not since the days of my childhood, when the people in books were more real than the people one saw every day, have I found myself so moved. Her portrait is a Biblical study of life in the midst of death. James Baldwin

The Battle of the Somme Essay -- Papers

The Battle of the Somme The Battle of the Somme involved the main allied eruption on the Western Front in the 1st World War. It is mainly famous due to the loss of 58,000 British troops on the first solar day of battle (1st July 1916). The attack ran from 1st July until 18th November and was located upon a 30-kilometre front, from North of the Somme River between Arras and Albert. The offensive was planned earlier in 1915 and was intended to be a joint Franco-Anglo attack. The French commandant in Chief, Joffre, said that the aim was to drain the German forces of reserves, however territorial gain also had some input. Sir Douglas Haig was the Commander in Chief of the BEF who would be conducting the major offensive in 1916. Originally, although the British forces made up the bulk of the offensive forces, the attack was to be predominantly French. up to now the German si ege on Verdun at the beginning of 1916 resulted in the diversion of almost all-French manpower and efforts as Falkenhayn had promised to bleed France white. This changed the intent of the Somme attack and the French ordered the planned date (1st August 1916) to be bought forward to 1st July, the aim now to divert the Germans from Verdun to the defence of the Somme. Haig now had no pickax solely to take charge of the attack in Joffres absence. He used both the ideas of himself and those of General Rawlinson. On Saturday 24th June the attack proceeded by an eight-day preliminary fountain on the German lines. The expectation being that all forward German defences would be destroyed leaving the at... ...Battle of the Ancre where the field fortress of Beaumont Hamel was captured. The British were finally progressing, but even this was bought to a halt when extremely bad weather caused the Somme offensive to end. The result had been an estimated 420,000 B ritish casualties, a further 200,000 for the French and around 500,000 for the Germans and all for only 12 kilometres of land in Britain and Frances favour. Over 1 million lives were lost in this battle alone and all the Somme offensive was designed for was to divert German attention from the French at Verdun. Some believe this battle acted as a learning curve in the employment of artillery, which contributed to the victory in 1918. In my opinion it shows the severity and pointlessness of war. Hardly anything was achieved apart from the loss of thousands of lives.